Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
N04405 is the free-machining version of Monel 400 — a solid-solution nickel–copper alloy to which a controlled amount of sulphur has been added to provide sulphide inclusions that act as chip-breakers during machining. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / ASME / SAE-AMS / UNS) standard system.
It has essentially the same composition, corrosion resistance and physical properties as alloy 400 (approximately 67% nickel, 30% copper), but the higher sulphur content (0.025–0.060%) markedly improves machinability, making it the preferred grade for automatic screw-machine stock and precision-machined components. The nickel-copper sulphides formed by the added sulphur break the chip cleanly during high-speed machining.
Like alloy 400 it resists seawater, brine, steam, salt and caustic solutions, reducing acids (sulphuric and hydrochloric under non-oxidising conditions) and hydrofluoric acid, and is highly resistant to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. It is not age-hardenable and is strengthened only by cold work. Important: because of the intentional sulphur content, R-405 is not recommended for forging and should not be hot-worked (risk of hot-shortness); it is readily cold-worked. It is used chiefly for automatic screw-machine stock and is not generally recommended for other applications where alloy 400 would serve. It is listed in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 for sour service.
Values per manufacturer (Special Metals) data, annealed condition; essentially the same as alloy 400.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.80 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1300–1350 | °C |
| Young's modulus (20 °C) | 179 | GPa |
| Specific heat capacity (20 °C) | 427 | J/kg·K |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 21.8 | W/m·K |
| Electrical resistivity (20 °C) | 0.51 | µΩ·m |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 13.9 | µm/m·°C |
| Magnetic response | Slightly magnetic near room temperature | — |
| Maximum service temperature | ~480–540 | °C |
Limiting composition per ASTM B164 (UNS N04405).
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel (+ Cobalt) | Ni | 63.0 | — | Base element; corrosion resistance (typ. ~67%) |
| Copper | Cu | 28.0 | 34.0 | Primary alloying element; reducing-acid + seawater resistance |
| Sulphur | S | 0.025 | 0.060 | Free-machining addition — forms sulphide chip-breakers (key vs alloy 400) |
| Iron | Fe | — | 2.5 | Controlled |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 2.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.3 | Controlled |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.5 | Deoxidiser |
Note: the controlled, elevated sulphur (0.025–0.060%) is the only significant difference from alloy 400, and is what gives R-405 its free-machining behaviour. It is also why the alloy must not be hot-worked or forged.
Typical room-temperature properties, annealed condition (rod and bar).
| Property | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate tensile strength | 483–586 MPa | Annealed / cold-drawn |
| 0.2% proof strength (yield) | 172–310 MPa | Annealed / cold-drawn |
| Elongation at break | ≥35 % | Annealed |
| Hardness | 110–140 HB | Annealed |
The alloy is solid-solution (not age-hardenable) and is strengthened by cold work. Mechanical properties are similar to alloy 400 but with a slightly different range owing to the sulphur content. It retains toughness to sub-zero temperatures. Values are typical; confirm against the mill test certificate for each delivery.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Seawater / brackish water / brine | Outstanding | Essentially the same as alloy 400 |
| Steam / hot water | Excellent | Like alloy 400 |
| Reducing acids (sulphuric/hydrochloric) | Very Good | Under non-oxidising (de-aerated) conditions |
| Hydrofluoric acid | Very Good | Like alloy 400 |
| Alkalis / salts | Excellent | Broad resistance |
| Chloride stress-corrosion cracking | Outstanding | High nickel content |
| Sour service (H₂S) | Good | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 |
| Oxidising media (nitric acid) | Poor | No chromium — avoid |
A solid-solution nickel–copper alloy; not age-hardenable (does not respond to heat treatment for hardening). Heat treatment is for annealing / stress relief only; strengthening is by cold work.
Anneal Temperature: 760–870 °C, followed by appropriate cooling Purpose: stress relief and restoration of ductility after cold work.
Important: owing to the intentional sulphur content, R-405 must not be hot-worked and is not recommended for forging (risk of hot-shortness / hot cracking). It is fabricated, pickled and annealed by the same procedures as alloy 400, but cold-worked rather than hot-worked.
R-405 can be joined by standard welding, brazing and soldering — by gas-tungsten-arc (GTAW), gas-metal-arc (GMAW) or shielded-metal-arc (SMAW) — using appropriate filler metals, in the same way as alloy 400. However, the intentional sulphur content increases the risk of hot cracking, so special care is required and welding is generally minimised for this free-machining grade.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG · GMAW / MIG | Possible (care for sulphur hot-cracking) | AWS A5.14 ERNiCu-7-type (Monel-type filler) |
| SMAW / stick | Possible | AWS A5.11 ENiCu-7-type electrode |
No post-weld heat treatment is required, but thorough cleaning after welding is critical for corrosion resistance (risk of contamination/embrittlement). For welded assemblies, alloy 400 is generally preferred; R-405 is chosen for machinability.
Machining — the alloy's defining strength.
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Free-machining (sulphide chip-breakers); ideal for automatic screw machines |
| Primary use | Screw-machine stock; precision-turned components |
| Tooling | Standard practice; sulphur inclusions break chips cleanly |
| Coolant | Flood coolant recommended |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hot working / forging | NOT recommended — sulphur causes hot-shortness |
| Cold forming | Readily cold-worked |
| Annealing | 760–870 °C after cold work |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Precision machining | Automatic screw-machine stock | Free-machining + corrosion resistance |
| Fasteners / fittings | Bolts, nuts, machined fasteners, valve stems | Machinability + seawater resistance |
| Marine / chemical | Precision-turned parts for marine and chemical service | Alloy-400 corrosion resistance |
| Instruments | Machined precision components | Dimensional accuracy + corrosion resistance |
Note: R-405 is chosen specifically where high-volume machining is required; for welded fabrications or forgings, alloy 400 is the preferred grade.
| Product Form | ASTM Standard | ASME Code | AMS / Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rod and bar (screw-machine stock) | ASTM B164 | ASME SB-164 | AMS 4674 |
| Wire | ASTM B164-related | — | AMS 4764 / 7234 |
| Forgings | Not recommended (sulphur) | — | — |
| Fasteners | ASTM F467 / F468 | — | QQ-N-281 |
Listed in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 for sour service; QQ-N-281. ASME Boiler Code Sections III, VIII. UNS N04405. Chiefly supplied as rod/bar for automatic screw machines.
| UNS | Ni % | Key Feature | Type | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N04405 | 63–70 | S 0.025–0.060 | Free-machining Ni-Cu | Screw-machine stock; same corrosion as 400 |
| N04400 | 63–70 | Solid-solution | Standard Ni-Cu | Seawater, HF, reducing acids (weldable/forgeable) |
| N05500 | 63–70 | Al+Ti age-hard. | Age-hardened Ni-Cu | High strength; non-magnetic |
| N02200 | ≥99.0 | Pure Ni | Commercially pure | Caustic/alkali; conductivity |
| S30300 | 8–10 (Ni) | S free-machining | Austenitic SS | Free-machining stainless (lower corrosion) |
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