Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
X2NiCrAlTi32-20 is an austenitic, solid-solution-strengthened iron–nickel–chromium alloy, widely used for equipment requiring corrosion resistance, heat resistance, strength and metallurgical stability for service up to 816 °C (1500 °F). This datasheet presents the material within the European (DIN / EN / Werkstoff-Nummer / VdTÜV) standard system.
The chromium content imparts both aqueous and high-temperature resistance; iron provides resistance to internal oxidation; and the nickel content (nominally ~32.5%) maintains a ductile, stable austenitic structure and gives high resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. At elevated temperatures the alloy resists oxidation, carburisation, nitridation and sulfidation while retaining good rupture and creep strength.
It is readily formed, welded and machined. Typical applications include heat-treating baskets, trays and fixtures; chemical and petrochemical heat exchangers and piping (especially nitric-acid service needing chloride-SCC resistance); nuclear steam-generator tubing; sheathing for electric heating elements; pulp digester-liquor heaters; and petrochemical furnace cracker tubes, pigtails and headers. For applications requiring greater stress-rupture and creep strength above 816 °C, the higher-carbon variants 800H (W.Nr. 1.4958) and 800HT are used.
Values per Special Metals official datasheet, annealed condition.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.94 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1357–1385 | °C |
| Young's modulus (20 °C) | 196.5 | GPa |
| Shear modulus (20 °C) | 73.4 | GPa |
| Poisson's ratio (20 °C) | 0.339 | — |
| Specific heat capacity (0–100 °C) | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 14.4 | µm/m·°C |
| Magnetic permeability (21 °C, annealed) | 1.014 | Essentially non-magnetic |
| Curie temperature | –115 | °C |
| Maximum service temperature | ~816 | °C |
Limiting composition per DIN 17460 (W.Nr. 1.4876).
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | 39.5 | balance | Base element; resistance to internal oxidation |
| Nickel | Ni | 30.0 | 35.0 | Ductile austenitic structure; chloride-SCC resistance |
| Chromium | Cr | 19.0 | 23.0 | Aqueous + high-temperature corrosion resistance |
| Aluminium | Al | 0.15 | 0.60 | High-temperature stability; purposeful addition |
| Titanium | Ti | 0.15 | 0.60 | High-temperature stability; carbide/nitride former |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.10 | Controlled (basic grade) |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.50 | Deoxidiser |
| Copper | Cu | — | 0.75 | Residual |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.015 | Residual impurity |
Typical room-temperature properties (Special Metals datasheet).
| Property | Annealed | Hot-Rolled |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate tensile strength | 590 MPa | 665 MPa |
| 0.2% proof strength (yield) | 250 MPa | 445 MPa |
| Elongation at break | 36 % | — |
| Hardness | 138 HB | 198 HB |
The alloy has high impact strength at room temperature and remains tough at cryogenic temperatures (Charpy keyhole >85 J at –196 °C). Cold work substantially increases strength; the alloy is solid-solution (not age-hardenable). Values are typical; confirm against the mill test certificate for each delivery.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| High-temperature oxidation | Excellent | Protective Cr₂O₃ scale; service to 816 °C |
| Carburisation | Good | Resists carburising furnace atmospheres |
| Nitridation | Good | Resists nitriding atmospheres |
| Sulfidation | Good | Resists sulfur-bearing (refinery) atmospheres |
| Chloride stress-corrosion cracking | Excellent | High Ni content; commonly replaces SCC-failed materials |
| Nitric acid (aqueous) | Very Good | Used for nitric-acid heat exchangers |
| Aqueous media (general) | Good | General resistance across many media |
| Intergranular (sensitised) | Caution | Can sensitise at 540–760 °C; avoid for aggressive pickling after welding |
An austenitic solid-solution alloy; not age-hardenable. Heat treatment is for annealing / stress relief only.
Anneal Temperature: ~980 °C (1800 °F), 10–15 min; a satisfactory anneal can be obtained by 2–5 min at 1040 °C (1900 °F) Note: Appreciable grain growth occurs above 980 °C.
Stress Relief: begins ~540 °C, virtually complete after 1.5 h at 870 °C.
Sensitisation caution: cool rapidly through 540–760 °C after hot working to avoid chromium-carbide precipitation (sensitisation) where aqueous corrosion resistance is required.
Good weldability by all welding processes. Material must be thoroughly clean and use proper joint designs.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG · GMAW / MIG | Excellent | Matching Ni-Cr-Fe filler (e.g. EN ISO 18274 S Ni 6082) |
| SAW (submerged-arc) | Good | Matching submerged-arc wire/flux |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching Ni-Cr-Fe electrode |
These products may also be used for most dissimilar-welding requirements with alloy 800. Use a matching-composition filler suited to alloy 800 service.
Machining Guidelines
| Tooling | Cutting Speed | Feed |
|---|---|---|
| Coated carbide | 33.5–57.9 m/min | 0.20–0.89 mm/rev |
| High-speed steel | 10.7–29.0 m/min | 0.20–0.89 mm/rev |
The alloy work-hardens during machining (rate similar to INCONEL alloy 600; higher than mild steel, lower than Type 304).
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hot forming | 870–1200 °C; heavy forging 1010–1200 °C; avoid 650–870 °C (cracking risk) |
| Cold forming | Similar to alloy 600 / stainless; readily formed |
| Annealing | ~980 °C after cold work |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Heat treatment | Baskets, trays, fixtures | Oxidation + carburisation resistance |
| Chemical / petrochemical | Heat exchangers, nitric-acid piping, furnace cracker tubes, pigtails, headers | Chloride-SCC + high-temperature resistance |
| Nuclear power | Steam-generator tubing | Chloride-SCC resistance; stability |
| Domestic appliances | Sheathing for electric heating elements | Oxidation resistance + formability |
| Pulp and paper | Digester-liquor heaters | Corrosion resistance |
| Petroleum processing | Air-cooled process-stream heat exchangers | High-temperature strength |
| Product Form | DIN / EN Standard | VdTÜV | ISO / BS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rod and bar | DIN 17460 | VdTÜV 412 | ISO 9723 · BS 3076NA15 |
| Wire | DIN 17742 | — | ISO 9724 · BS 3075NA15 |
| Forgings | DIN 17460 | — | ISO 9725 |
| Plate, sheet and strip | DIN 17460 | VdTÜV 412 | ISO 6208 · BS 3072NA15 / 3073NA15 |
| Seamless tube | DIN 17459 | VdTÜV 412 | ISO 6207 · BS 3074NA15 |
| Composition | DIN 17460 | — | — |
VdTÜV-Werkstoffblatt 412 covers all product forms; listed in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156.
| EN Name | Ni % | Cr % | Other | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X10NiCrAlTi32-20 | 30–35 | 19–23 | C ≤0.10 | General heat + corrosion resistance to 816°C |
| X8NiCrAlTi32-21 | 30–35 | 19–23 | C 0.05–0.10 | Higher creep/rupture; above 816°C |
| NiCr15Fe | ≥72 | 14–17 | Ni-base | Higher Ni; full chloride-SCC immunity |
| NiCr21Mo | 38–46 | 19.5–23.5 | Mo 2.5–3.5, Cu | Acid resistance (sulphuric/phosphoric) |
| X10NiCrSi35-19 | 34–37 | 18–20 | Si 1.0–1.5 | Carburisation + thermal shock to 1148°C |
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