Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
X12NiCrSi35-16 is an austenitic iron–nickel–chromium high-silicon heat-resistant alloy offering an exceptional combination of strength and resistance to carburisation, oxidation and thermal shock. This datasheet presents the material within the European (EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nummer) standard system.
Carburisation and oxidation resistance to 1148 °C (2100 °F) are enhanced by a nominal 1.25% silicon addition. The alloy is designed to withstand the thermal shock of liquid quenching, and finds wide application in high-temperature industrial environments where good resistance to the combined effects of carburisation and thermal cycling is a prime requisite. It remains fully austenitic at all temperatures and is not subject to embrittlement from sigma-phase formation. The high nickel content also gives good resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking.
It is worked by forming and machining procedures similar to those used for austenitic stainless steels or nickel-chromium alloys. Heat treatment is not necessary after most forming or welding operations. X12NiCrSi35-16 is the workhorse of the heat-resistant alloys, used extensively in the heat-treatment, furnace and process industries.
Typical values, annealed condition.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.94 | g/cm³ |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (RT–540 °C) | ~16.2 | µm/m·°C |
| Maximum service temperature (oxidation/carburisation) | ~1148 | °C |
| Structure | Fully austenitic (FCC), stable at all temperatures | — |
| Sigma-phase embrittlement | None | — |
| Magnetic response | Non-magnetic (austenitic) | — |
Limiting composition per EN 10095 (W.Nr. 1.4886).
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element; austenitic matrix |
| Nickel | Ni | 34.0 | 37.0 | Austenite stability; carburisation + chloride-SCC resistance |
| Chromium | Cr | 18.0 | 20.0 | Oxidation resistance; protective Cr₂O₃ scale |
| Silicon | Si | 1.0 | 1.5 | Key addition (nominal 1.25%); oxidation + carburisation resistance |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 2.0 | Deoxidiser |
| Copper | Cu | — | 1.0 | Residual |
| Carbon | C | 0.04 | 0.08 | High-temperature strength |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.03 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.03 | Residual impurity |
Typical room-temperature properties, annealed condition.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate tensile strength | ~550–620 MPa | Annealed |
| 0.2% proof strength (yield) | ~230–310 MPa | Annealed |
| Elongation at break | ~30–40 % | Annealed |
| Hardness | ~70–85 HRB | Annealed |
| Maximum service temperature | ~1148 °C | Oxidation/carburisation resistance |
The alloy retains good strength at elevated temperature and is metallurgically stable. It is not age-hardenable. Values are typical; confirm against the mill test certificate for each delivery.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Oxidation | Outstanding | Resistant to 1148 °C (2100 °F); Cr + Si form protective scale |
| Carburisation | Outstanding | High Ni + Si; key advantage over 309/310 stainless |
| Nitriding | Excellent | Resistant in nitriding atmospheres |
| Thermal shock / cycling | Outstanding | Designed to withstand liquid-quench thermal shock |
| Sigma-phase embrittlement | Immune | Remains fully austenitic at all temperatures |
| Chloride stress-corrosion cracking | Good | High nickel content |
| Reducing / oxidising atmospheres | Very Good | Ni resists reducing, Cr resists oxidising conditions |
The alloy is austenitic and not age-hardenable. Heat treatment is for annealing only; it is not required after most forming or welding operations.
Full Anneal (when required) Temperature: 1040–1120 °C (1900–2050 °F) Cooling: Rapid air cool or water quench
Forming at room temperature is suggested whenever possible. The alloy remains fully austenitic at all temperatures with no sigma-phase embrittlement.
Readily welded. Heat treatment is not necessary after most welding operations.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Excellent | Matching Ni-Fe-Cr-Si filler (EN 10095 grade) |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Matching Ni-Fe-Cr-Si filler (EN 10095 grade) |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching-composition electrode |
Practice: keep interpass temperatures low, do not preheat, and use reinforced stringer beads. Use a matching-composition filler; avoid generic 330 fillers prone to hot cracking.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability rating | ~20–25% of B1112 free-machining steel |
| Tooling | Sharp, rigid setup (austenitic-stainless practice) |
| Work hardening | Moderate-to-high; positive rake, ample feed |
| Coolant | Flood coolant recommended |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Worked like austenitic stainless / Ni-Cr alloys; room-temperature forming preferred |
| Hot forming | Standard practice; heat treatment usually not required afterwards |
| Annealing (if needed) | 1040–1120 °C, rapid cool |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Heat treatment | Furnace containers (carburising, carbonitriding, annealing), heat-treating baskets, quenching fixtures | Carburisation + thermal-shock resistance |
| Furnace / industrial | Muffles, retorts, radiant tubes, furnace fans and shafts | Oxidation resistance to 1148 °C |
| Process / chemical | Salt pots (neutral and cyanide), conveyors, tube hangers | Metallurgical stability; high-temperature strength |
| Metal processing | Hot-pressing platens, bar-frame baskets | Thermal cycling resistance |
| Petrochemical / power | High-temperature process hardware | Oxidation + carburisation resistance |
| Product Form | EN / DIN Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bar, plate, sheet, strip, tube | EN 10095 | Heat-resisting steels and nickel alloys |
| Composition / designation | W.Nr. 1.4886 / EN 10095 | Ni-Fe-Cr-Si heat-resistant grade |
| Welding consumables | Matching-composition filler (e.g. RA330-04 type) | Do not use generic 330 filler |
EN 10095 (Heat-resisting steels and nickel alloys) is the governing European standard for this grade.
| EN Name | Ni % | Cr % | Other | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X12NiCrSi35-16 | 34–37 | 18–20 | Si 1.0–1.5 | Furnace/heat-treat; carburisation + thermal shock to 1148°C |
| NiCr25FeAlY | bal | 24–26 | Al 1.8–2.4 | Extreme oxidation + creep to 1200°C |
| NiCr15Fe | ≥72 | 14–17 | — | General high-temp to 1095°C; carburisation/nitriding |
| X12CrNi23-13 | 12–15 | 22–24 | — | Economy heat-resistant to ~1000°C |
| X8CrNi25-21 | 19–22 | 24–26 | — | Economy heat-resistant to ~1050°C; less carburisation resistance |
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